What Are Sexually Transmitted Infections?

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are caused by germs that live on the skin or in body fluids like semen, vaginal fluid, and blood. The germs are passed from person to person through contact with skin, blood, or body fluids. STIs can get into the body through the vagina, mouth, anus, and open sores or cuts. They are not spread by casual contact, being in swimming pools, or by sitting on toilet seats.

STIs are very common. Any person can get an STI. STIs can be prevented, treated, or cured entirely.

Different Kinds of STIs

There are many kinds of STIs. They can be split into 3 groups:

  • Parasites are very small insects that live off a person’s body. An example is pubic lice or “crabs.”
  • STIs caused by bacteria can be cured by antibiotics. Some examples are chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis.
  • STIs caused by viruses can be controlled but not cured. If you get a viral STI, it will stay in your body for life. But symptoms of the virus may not always show up. A viral STI can be HIV, genital herpes, genital warts, human papilloma virus (HPV), and hepatitis B virus.

STI Symptoms

STIs don’t always cause symptoms. Sometimes STIs cause only mild symptoms. It is possible to have an STI and not know it. That is why getting an STI test is important if you are having sex. Talk to your Primary Care Provider* (PCP) about getting an STI test and how often you should get tested.

Common symptoms to look for:

  • Different color discharge from the penis or vagina
  • Sores or growth on the genital area
  • Burning while peeing or peeing often
  • Itching and redness in the genital area
  • Blisters or sores in or around mouth
  • Abnormal vaginal odor
  • Anal itching, pain, or bleeding

For more information call Customer Service at 1(415) 547-7800 or visit sfhp.org/health-ed. 24/7 Nurse Advice Line 1(877) 977-3397. Talk to a doctor 24/7 sfhp.org/teladoc.

* Your Primary Care Provider is the doctor, physician assistant, or nurse practitioner in charge of your health care.

More Help from SFHP

  • Customer Service: Our team can answer your questions about benefits and health services. Call 1(415) 547-7800, 1(800) 288-5555 (toll-free) or 1(415) 547-7830 TTY. Monday to Friday, 8:30am to 5:30pm.
  • Interpreter Services: You can get an interpreter in-person or by phone for your health visits. When you make an appointment, ask for an interpreter at the same time.
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Learn more about your covered Medi-Cal benefits and services.